Gum Disease: Causes, Symptoms And Prevention

At Family Dental Care, we believe that a healthy smile starts with understanding the risks and realities of gum disease. Gum problems can affect anyone, children and adults alike, but with early awareness and proper prevention, your family will enjoy strong teeth and healthy gums for years to come.

What is Gum Disease?

Gum disease, also known as periodontal disease, is an infection that affects the tissues that support the teeth. It often starts with a mild inflammation of the gums, called gingivitis, and can progress to more severe stages if left untreated.

This condition develops when plaque bacteria accumulate along and under the gum line. Over time, the gums can become red, swollen and prone to bleeding. 

Left untreated, gum disease can damage the bone and connective tissue that keep teeth in place, sometimes leading to tooth loss. Early recognition and proper oral care are essential to prevent long-term problems.

Common Causes of Gum Disease

The most common cause of gum disease is poor oral hygiene, which allows plaque - a sticky film of bacteria - to accumulate on the teeth and gums. When plaque is not removed by brushing and flossing, it hardens into tartar and increases the risk of infection.

Other factors can also contribute to gum disease. Smoking, diabetes, hormonal changes, certain medications, genetics and a weakened immune system can make gums more susceptible to infection. Stress and poor nutrition can also play a role. Understanding these causes helps to take the right measures to protect oral health.

Early Signs And Symptoms

Gum disease often starts with imperceptible symptoms that are easy to overlook. One of the first signs is bleeding gums when brushing or flossing. You may also notice redness, swelling or tenderness along the gum line.

Other early symptoms are persistent bad breath, a bad taste in the mouth or gums that begin to pull away from the teeth. In some cases, teeth may appear loose or more sensitive than usual. Paying attention to these signs can help recognise gum disease early and prevent its progression.

Stages Of Gingival Disease

Gum disease develops in stages, starting with gingivitis and progressing to more severe forms if left untreated. The first stage, gingivitis, is characterised by red, swollen gums that can bleed easily. At this stage, the damage is still reversible with proper care and professional cleaning.

If left unmanaged, gingivitis can progress to periodontitis. At this stage, the inner layer of gingiva and bone detaches from the teeth, forming pockets that can become infected. 

As the disease progresses, these pockets deepen, leading to the loss of bone and connective tissue. In severe cases, teeth may loosen and eventually fall out. Early diagnosis and treatment are key to halting the progression of gum disease

Risks And Complications

Untreated gum disease can lead to a number of serious problems. The most common complication is tooth loss, which occurs when bone and supporting tissues are destroyed over time. Gum disease is also linked to persistent bad breath and painful chewing.

In addition to the mouth, gum disease can have an impact on general health. Studies have shown links between periodontal disease and conditions such as heart disease, diabetes and complications during pregnancy. 

Chronic inflammation due to gum disease can also make it more difficult to control blood sugar levels. Taking gum disease seriously is important for both oral health and general well-being.