Canal treatment: Step-by-Step Procedure

Root canal treatment is a common dental procedure aimed at saving a severely decayed or infected tooth. Although the idea of a root canal often makes people anxious, the treatment itself is simple, gentle and much less intimidating than its reputation suggests. 

Understanding the step-by-step process can help reduce worries and emphasise the importance of this essential procedure.

Why Is a Root Canal Necessary?

A root canal is necessary when the soft tissue inside the tooth, called the pulp, becomes inflamed or infected. This can occur due to deep caries, repeated dental work on the same tooth, cracks or chips, or an injury. 

If the infection or inflammation is left untreated, it can lead to pain, abscess and even tooth loss. Root canal therapy removes the damaged pulp, cleans the inside of the tooth and seals it to prevent further problems.

Canal Treatment Procedure

Phase 1: Diagnosis And Preparation

The first stage of root canal treatment consists of a thorough examination. The dentist will assess your symptoms, examine the tooth and often take an X-ray to understand the extent of the infection. 

This allows you to plan the most appropriate treatment and ensure that root canal treatment is the right solution. Once the tooth to be treated has been identified, local anaesthesia is administered to numb the area and ensure that you feel no pain during the procedure.

Step 2: Tooth Isolation

To keep the area clean and dry, a small rubber sheet called a dental dam is placed around the tooth. This barrier prevents saliva and bacteria from contaminating the surgical field and protects the rest of the mouth.

Stage 3: Access to the Tooth

Next, the dentist creates a small opening in the crown of the tooth. This provides access to the pulp chamber and root canals. Using very small instruments, the dentist gently removes infected or damaged pulp tissue from inside the tooth.

Step 4: Cleaning And Shaping The Channels

After removing the pulp, the dentist cleans and shapes the inside of the root canals. Special files and disinfectant solutions are used to remove any residue, bacteria or infection present. The canals are then shaped so that they can be filled and sealed properly, preventing future infections.

Step 5: Filling the Channels

Once cleaned, the empty canals are filled with a biocompatible material called gutta-percha. This rubber-like substance seals the inner space and helps support the tooth structure. An adhesive cement is used to ensure an airtight seal.

Step 6: Tooth Reconstruction

With the root canal treatment complete, the dentist closes the tooth opening with a temporary or permanent filling. A crown is often recommended to provide additional strength and protection, especially in the case of a molar or a very damaged tooth. The crown is generally applied at a second appointment, after the tooth has healed completely.

Recovery And Care After Treatment

After a root canal treatment, it is normal to experience slight sensitivity or discomfort for a few days. Usually, over-the-counter painkillers are sufficient to manage these symptoms. Good oral hygiene and regular visits to the dentist are essential to maintain the health of the treated tooth. With the right care, most root-treated teeth can last a lifetime.